Robust L-malate bienzymatic biosensor to enable the on-site monitoring of malolactic fermentation of red wines

The development of an amperometric biosensor for L-malate determination showing long-term stability is reported in this work. The biosensor is based on a thin-film gold electrochemical transducer and a three-dimensional membrane of polypyrrole entrapping malate dehydrogenase and diaphorase enzymes. It was applied to monitor the malolactic fermentation of three red wines, showing a good agreement with the standard colorimetric method.
Anal. Chim. Acta 954 (2017) 105-113.